Electric bus energy storage

Are battery electric bus transit systems resilient?

A resilient battery electric bus transit system design and configuration is proposed. The model is robust against simultaneous charging disruptions without interrupting daily operation. Indeed, additional marginal cost is required, yet it prevents significant service reductions.

Are battery electric buses a viable alternative to fossil-fueled buses?

During the past decades, battery electric buses (BEBs) have been identified as a feasible alternative to fossil-fueled buses 5, 6. Moreover, BEBs’ market share is growing rapidly (91.4% of the electric bus market in 2020) owing to their energy efficiency, quiet operation, low maintenance cost, and zero tailpipe emissions 7.

How much does a bus battery system cost?

A fleet of 91 BEBs with heterogeneous battery capacities is required to satisfy operation. Most buses (59.34%) are equipped with 100 kWh battery capacity. The distribution of the BEB system costs is presented in Table 2, with a total annual cost of $6,959,381.19.

How many charging stations are needed for a resilient Beb system?

For a higher level of conservative (k = 2), a resilient BEB system requires 33 charging stations with 33 poles. The remaining 31 stations will satisfy the fleet energy demand if any two charging stations are jointly disrupted.

What happens if a bus battery capacity is increased?

It is worth noting that raising the bus battery capacity results in an increase in the weight of the battery pack, subsequently leading to a higher bus energy consumption rate 43. While the departure battery capacity (\ ( {S}_ {b,j,i}^ { {dep}}\)) is restricted below a maximum percentage (ϑmax) of the battery capacity (Qb) as mentioned in Eq. (4).